1. Firewall: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It is typically used to protect private networks from external accessing, or to secure public networks from malicious activities.
2. Network Intrusion Detection System: An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a type of security system which monitors for suspicious activity on a network or system. It is designed to detect unauthorized access, data manipulation, and malicious code execution, and alert network administrators to potential problems.
3. Data Loss Prevention: Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a set of strategies and technologies used to prevent the loss of sensitive data. It is typically used to monitor and protect the integrity of data, to detect and stop data leakage, and to keep confidential information secure.
4. Application Security: Application security focuses on securing applications—such as databases, web applications, and other computer applications—against malicious attacks. It involves creating secure systems to protect data and ensure only authorized users can access sensitive information.