The KS-32 is a 32-bit RISC microprocessor developed by Renesas Electronics Corporation. It is primarily used in electronic control systems for control of electrical and automotive applications, primarily for powertrain and drivetrain control. The processor is based on an original instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Renesas, called the Ninigi instruction set. The KS-32 runs at clock speeds of up to 100MHz, and has on-chip caches, interrupt controller, and I/O connections for CAN, Ethernet, and a range of other serial communication protocols. On-chip debugging and tracing are also supported, making the KS-32 an ideal choice for embedded systems. The chip has an integrated memory controller that supports multiple types of external memory, including SRAM and Flash.