2182a Nanovoltmeter The two-channel Model 2182A Nanovoltmeter is optimized for making stable, low noise voltage measurements and for characterizing low resistance materials and devices reliably and repeatably . It provides higher measurement speed and significantly better noise performance than alternative low voltage measurement solutions . The Model 2182A represents the next step forward in Keithley nanovoltmeter technology, replacing the original Model 2182 and offering enhanced capabilities including pulse capability, lower measurement noise, faster current rever- sals, and a simplified delta mode for making resistance measurements in combination with a reversing current source, such as the Model 6220 or 6221 . Make low noise measurements at f lexible, Effective speed/Noise Trade-offs high speeds, typically just 15nV The Model 2182A makes it easy to choose the best speed/filter combination for a particular applica- p-p noise at 1s response time, tions response time and noise level requirements . The ability to select from a wide range of response 4050nV p-p noise at 60ms times allows optimizing speed/noise trade-offs . Low noise levels are assured over a wide range of useful response times, e . g . , 15nV p-p noise at 1s and 40-50nV p-p noise at 60ms are typical . Figure 1 Delta mode coordinates illustrates the Model 2182As noise performance . measurements with a reversing current source at up to 24Hz with 30nV p-p noise (typical) for one reading. averages multiple 150 readings for greater noise reduction synchronization to line provides 100 110db NMr r and minimizes the effect of aC common-mode currents 50 Dual channels support measuring Keithley 2182A voltage, temperature, or the ratio nV of an unknown resistance to a nV/ Meter reference resistor 0 built-in thermocouple linearization and cold junction compensation -50 -100 0 100 Number of Readings f igure 1. Compare the Model 2182as DC noise performance with a nanovolt/micro-ohm- meters. all the data shown was taken at 10 readings per second with a low thermal short applied to the input. 1.888.KEITHLEY (U.S. only) www.keithley.com A Greater Measure of Confidence LOW LEVEL MEASURE & SOURCE Low noise measurements for research, metrology, and other low voltage testing applications2182A Nanovoltmeter Reliable Results Ordering Information Power line noise can compromise measurement accuracy significantly at the nanovolt level. The Model 2182A reduces this interference by synchronizing its measurement cycle to line, which 2182A Nanovoltmeter minimizes variations due to readings that begin at different phases of the line cycle. The result is exceptionally high immunity to line interference with little or no shielding and filtering required. Accessories Supplied 2107-4 Low Thermal Input Cable Optimized for Use with Model 6220/6221 Current Sources with spade lugs, 1.2m (4 ft). Device test and characterization for todays very small and power-efficient electronics requires sourc- User manual, service ing low current levels, which demands the use of a precision, low current source. Lower stimulus manual, contact cleaner, currents produce lowerand harder to measurevoltages across the devices. Linking the Model line cord, alligator clips. 2182A Nanovoltmeter with a Model 6220 or 6221 Current Source makes it possible to address both of these challenges in one easy-to-use configuration. ACCESSORIES AVAILAbLE When connected, the Model 2182A and Model 6220 or 6221 can be operated like a single instrument. 2107-30 Low Thermal Input Cable with spade lugs, Their simple connections eliminate the isolation and noise current problems that plague other solu- 9.1m (30 ft) tions. The Model 2182A/622X combination allows making delta mode and differential conductance 2182-KIT Low Thermal Connector with strain relief measurements faster and with less noise than the original Model 2182 design allowed. The Model 2187-4 Low Thermal Test Lead Kit 2182A will also work together with the Model 6221 to make pulse-mode measurements. 2188 Low Thermal Calibration Shorting Plug The 2182A/622X combination is ideal for a variety of applications, including resistance measure- 4288-1 Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit ments, pulsed I-V measurements, and differential conductance measurements, providing significant 4288-2 Dual Fixed Rack Mount Kit advantages over earlier solutions like lock-in amplifiers or AC resistance bridges. The 2182A/622X 7007-1 Shielded GPIB Cable, 1m (3.2 ft) combination is also well suited for many nanotechnology applications because it can measure 7007-2 Shielded GPIB Cable, 2m (6.5 ft) resistance without dissipating much power into the device under test (DUT), which would otherwise 7009-5 Shielded RS-232 Cable, 1.5m (5 ft) invalidate results or even destroy the DUT. 8501-1 Trigger Link Cable, 1m (3.2 ft) 8501-2 Trigger Link Cable, 2m (6.5 ft) An Easy-to-Use Delta Mode 8503 Trigger Link Cable to 2 male BNC connectors Keithley originally created the delta mode method for measuring voltage and resistance for the KPCI-488LPA IEEE-488 Interface/Controller for the PCI Bus Model 2182 and a triggerable external current source, such as the Model 2400 SourceMeter SMU KUSB-488B IEEE-488 USB-to-GPIB Interface Adapter instrument. Basically, the delta mode automatically triggers the current source to alternate the signal polarity, and then triggers a nanovoltmeter reading at each polarity. This current reversal technique SERVICES AVAILAbLE 2182A-3Y-EW 1-year factory warranty extended to 3 years from date of shipment C/2182A-3Y-ISO 3 (ISO-17025 accredited) calibrations within 3 years of purchase* 5nV * Not available in all countries AppLICATIONS Research Determining the transition 4V temperature of superconductive materials I-V characterization of a material at a specific temperature Calorimetry Differential thermometry Superconductivity Nanomaterials DC Delta Mode Metrology Measurement Measurement Intercomparisons of standard cells Figure 2. Results from a Model 2182A/6220 using the delta mode to measure a 10mW resistor Null meter for resistance bridge with a 20A test current. The free Model 6220/6221 instrument control example start-up measurements software used here can be downloaded from www.keithley.com. 1.888.KEITHLEY (U.S. only) www.keithley.com A Greater Measure of Confidence LOW LEVEL MEASURE & SOURCE Low noise measurements for research, metrology, and other low voltage testing applications