e ADVANCED TM LINEAR SABMB16 / SABMB810025 EPAD DEVICES, INC. SABMB910025 / SABMB8100XX / SABMB9100XX 4-CHANNEL SUPERCAPACITOR AUTO BALANCING PCB GENERAL DESCRIPTION The SABMB16 is a 4-channel universal Printed Circuit Board SABMB910025 is a SABMB16 board with two ALD910025SALI installed and tested. These are rated for industrial tempurature of (PCB) designed to be used with the entire ALD8100XX and -40C to +85C. ALD9100XX family of SAB MOSFETs for system designers and application developers. SAB MOSFETs are exclusive EPAD The SABMB16 board includes the following features for flexibility MOSFETs that address leakage and voltage balance of supercapacitor cells connected in series. Imbalance of leakage in a variety of different applications: currents, although much smaller in magnitude than charging or discharging currents, need to be balanced, as leakage currents 1) Two ALD9100XX dual or one ALD8100XX quad SAB are long-term DC values that integrate and accumulate over time. MOSFET units installed per board. SAB MOSFETs and the SABMB16 boards are compact, 2) Two ALD9100XX and one ALD8100XX can be installed economical and effective in balancing any size supercapacitors on the same SABMB16 board. The two ALD9100XX are with little or no additional power dissipation. Each SABMB16 can connected in series, whereas the ALD8100XX is balance two to four supercapacitors in a series stack. These boards connected in parallel to the two ALD9100XX units. can be cascaded to balance multiple series stacks of up to four 3) Optional R1 and R2 resistors can be installed with values supercapacitors each. ranging from open circuit to 0.0. 4) Optional reverse biased external clamping power diodes (schottky rectifiers) can be installed, on board where The SABMB16 is a simple, out-of-the-box plug-and-play PCB necessary, across each SAB MOSFET. solution for development, prototyping, demonstration and 5) Multiple SABMB16 PCBs can be cascaded to form a evaluation, or production deployment. It is suited for balancing series chain, paralleling a series-connected chain of supercapacitor stacks ranging from two in series to hundreds in supercapacitor cells. series, and for supercapacitors of 0.1F to 3000F and beyond. The 6) Compact size of 0.6 in. by 1.6 in. with mounting holes. average additional power dissipation due to use of SABMB boards is zero, which makes this method of supercapacitor balancing 7) Rated for RoHS compatible/industrial temperature range very energy efficient. It is especially suited for low loss energy of -40C to +85C. harvesting and long life battery operated applications. MECHANICAL DRAWING Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors, when connected two, three or four cells in series can be balanced with ALD8100XX/ V+ ALD9100XX packages installed on the SABMB16 board. Supercapacitors, when connected more than four cells in series, can be balanced with more than one SABMB16 board (each with ALD8100XX/ALD9100XX packages installed). A U2 SABMB16 is a blank PCB, ready for either ALD8100XX or R1 A ALD9100XX to be installed. For example, SABMB810025 is a SABMB16 board with one ALD810025SCLI installed and tested. B B ORDERING INFORMATION 1600 mil C Part Number Decription C SABMB16 Blank Universal PCB D R2 SABMB810025 SABMB16 Board with one ALD810025SCLI D SABMB910025 SABMB16 Board with two ALD910025SALI E SABMB8100XX SABMB16 Board with one ALD8100XXSCLI E SABMB9100XX SABMB16 Board with two ALD9100XXSALI V- U3 Note: SABMB8100XX/SABMB9100XX are optional with specific ALD8100XXSCLI or ALD9100XXSALI unit(s) installed. XX = 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 600 mil See page 4 for full listing of part numbers. * Magnified, not to scale 2021 Advanced Linear Devices, Inc., Vers. 1.2 www.aldinc.com 1 of 4 E N A D E L B SABMB16The ALD8100XX/ALD9100XX SAB MOSFET family offers the user The ALD8100XX/ALD9100XX is rated for reverse bias diode a selection of different threshold voltages for various currents of up to 80mA maximum for each SAB MOSFET on board. supercapacitor nominal voltage values and desired leakage Any reverse bias condition as a result of changing supercapacitor balancing characteristics. Each SAB MOSFET generally requires voltages, especially during fast supercapacitor discharge, could connecting its V+ pin to the most positive voltage and its V- and lead to some internal nodes temporally reverse biased with surge IC pins to the most negative voltage within the package. Note current in excess of this limit. The SABMB16 board has additional that each Drain pin has an internal reverse biased diode to its optional TO277 footprints for mounting external schottky rectifiers Source pin, and each Gate pin has an internal reverse biased (power diodes) to clamp such current transients. The user is diode to V-. All other pins must have voltages within V+ and V- advised to determine the various power and current limits, including voltage limits within the same package unit. temperature and heat dissipation considerations, when selecting a suitable component for such purpose. The appropriate level of Standard ESD protection facilities and handling procedures for derating and margin allowance must also be added to assure long static sensitive devices must also be used while installing the term reliability of the PCB board. ALD8100XX/ALD9100XX units. Once installed, the connection configuration will protect the ALD8100XX/ALD9100XX units from ESD damage. When connected to a supercapacitor stack, the SUPERCAPACITORS ALD8100XX/ALD9100XX is further protected from virtually any ESD damage due to the large capacitance of the supercapacitors, Supercapacitors are typically rated with a nominal recommended which sinks any ESD charge and thereby reduces any of the working voltage established for long life at their maximum rated terminal voltages to minimal harmless values. operating temperature. Excessive supercapacitor voltages that exceed the supercapacitors rated voltage for a prolonged time period will result in reduced operating life and eventual rupture SABMB16 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS and catastrophic failure. To prevent such an occurrence, a means of automatically adjusting (charge-balancing) and monitoring the The SABMB16 Printed Circuit Board is supplied as a blank PCB maximum voltage is required in most applications having two or board, made with RoHS compliant FR4 material, ready for more supercapacitors connected in series, due to the different mounting of up to two 8-lead ALD9100XX units or one 16-lead internal leakage currents that vary from one supercapacitor to ALD8100XX unit. These units are also supplied and available with another. a 6-digit suffix, which denotes the specific ALD9100XX or ALD8100XX component mounted and tested on the PCB. All that Each supercapacitor has a tolerance difference in capacitance, is required of the user is to mount the PCB and wire the appropriate internal resistance and leakage current. These differences create connections from the SABMB16 board to the respective imbalance in cell voltages, which must be balanced so that any supercapacitor nodes. individual cell voltage does not exceed its rated max. voltage. Initially, cell voltage imbalance is caused by capacitance value Each SABMB16 Printed Circuit Board has two 8-lead SOIC differences. Supercapacitors selected from the same manufacturer footprints, for up to two ALD9100XX units, and a 16-lead SOIC make and model batch can be measured and matched to deliver footprint, for one ALD8100XX, which is parallel connected to the reasonable initial cell voltages. Next, cell voltage imbalance due two ALD9100XX footprints (See schematic diagram). It has to individual cell leakage currents must be compensated. terminals labeled V+, A to E, and V-. Each of these terminals has two wiring holes for easier connection of the same terminal node The supercapacitor leakage current itself is a variable function of to two external connection points. V+ is directly connected to its many parameters such as aging, initial leakage current at zero terminal A, which must be connected to the most positive voltage input voltage, the material/construction of the supercapacitor, and for the individual SABMB16 PCB board. V- is directly connected the operating bias voltage. Its leakage is also a function of the to terminal E, which must be connected to the most negative charging voltage, the charging current, operating temperature voltage present for the same SABMB16 board. All other terminals, range and the rate of change of many of these parameters. namely B, C and D, must have voltages between V+ and V- for Supercapacitor balancing must accommodate these changing proper operation of the board. When cascade or daisy-chain conditions. connected, each SABMB16 board is self-contained and rated for 15.0V maximum. By using the appropriate ALD SAB MOSFET and the appropriate SABMBXX board, users can compensate for all of these causes When two supercapacitors are installed to be balanced by SAB of imbalance and automatically balance supercapacitors. MOSFETs, a single ALD9100XX unit can be mounted on either one of two 8-lead SOIC footprints on the SABMB16. The user then needs to connect the unused circuit traces to the appropriate ENERGY HARVESTING APPLICATIONS terminals so that V+ and V- remain the most positive voltage and the most negative voltage for that SABMB16 board, respectively. Supercapacitors offer an important benefit for energy harvesting For example, if only one ALD9100XX is used for the upper SOIC applications from a low energy source, by buffering and storing footprint, terminal C can be connected to terminal E, or V-. One such energy to drive a higher power load. convenient way to make this connection on the board is to install R2 with a value equal to 0 or use an external wire. For energy harvesting applications, supercapacitor leakage currents are a critical factor, as the average energy harvesting Any number of SABMB16 boards can be daisy-chain connected input charge must exceed the average supercapacitor internal in series. For example, three SABMB16 boards, each with an leakage currents in order for any net energy to be harvested and ALD810025SCLI installed, can be connected in series to a 30V saved. Often, the input energy is variable, meaning that its input power supply, provided care is taken to insure that each SABMB16 voltage and current magnitude are not constant and may be board V- is connected to the V+ of the next SABMB16 board in dependent upon a whole set of other parameters such as the series, such that each board would not have internal voltages from source energy availability, energy sensor conversion efficiency, V+ to V- exceeding 10V (30V/3 = 10V). changing environmental conditions, etc. SABMB16/SABMB810025/SABMB910025 Advanced Linear Devices, Inc. 2 of 4 SABMB8100XX/SABMB9100XX